When is the iterate of a formal power series odd?

Abstract

AbstractThe formal power series (fps) f(z) = Σ∞i=1ai zi is homozygous mod k if ai ≠ 0 implies i ≡ j mod k. This generalizes even and odd fps. If f is homozygous mod k then all iterates of f (fn = f ο fn−1) are also homozygous mod k, but the converse is false–there are many non-odd fps f for which f(f(z)) = z. It is shown that if f is not homozygous mod k but fn is homozygous, then fnr(z) = z for some r. If all coefficienrs ar real then, in fact, f(f(z)) = z.Subject classification (Amer. Math Soc. (MOS) 1970): 39 A 05.