New trematode species Lecithostaphylus halongi n. sp. (Zoogonidae, Microphalloidea) and Gymnotergestia strongyluri n. sp. (Fellodistomidae, Gymnophalloidea) from beloniform fishes in Vietnam

Abstract

Abstract In this study we described two new trematode species, Lecithostaphylus halongi n. sp. (Zoogonidae, Lecithostaphylinae) and Gymnotergestia strongyluri n. sp. (Fellodistomidae, Tergestiinae), on the basis of morphological and molecular data. Adult worms of these two species were collected from, respectively, Hemiramphus spp. (Hemiramphidae) and Strongylura strongylura (Belonidae) caught in the coastal waters of Vietnam. Adult worms of L. halongi n. sp. are morphologically close to Lecithostaphylus gibsoni Cribb, Bray & Barker, 1992 ex Abudefduf whitleyi from Heron Island and Lecithostaphylus depauperati Yamaguti, 1970 ex Hemiramphus depauperatus from Hawaii, but differ from these species in having a larger cirrus sac and a different arrangement of vitelline fields. They also differ from Lecithostaphylus brayi Cabañas-Granillo, Solórzano-García, Mendoza-Garfias & Pérez-Ponce de León, 2020 in the 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data at the interspecific level. Adult worms of G. strongyluri n. sp. ex S. strongylura are morphologically similar to Gymnotergestia chaetodipteri, the only previously known species of this genus, described from Chaetodipterus faber in Jamaica. The new species differs from G. chaetodipteri in body shape, testicular arrangement and the size of the pharynx and eggs. The 28S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis indicates that G. strongyluri n. sp. is closely related to Tergestia spp., rendering Tergestia paraphyletic. Genetic divergence values between G. strongyluri n. sp. and Tergestia spp. are similar to those among species in the genera Tergestia, Steringophorus and Proctoeces. Our molecular results indicate that G. strongyluri n. sp. and Tergestia spp. may belong the same genus, but additional molecular data are needed for the final conclusion.