The bidirectional association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia

Author:

Jawad Muhammad Youshay,Meshkat Shakila,Tabassum Aniqa,Mckenzie Andrea,Di Vincenzo Joshua D.,Guo Ziji,Musavi Nabiha Batool,Phan Lee,Ceban Felicia,Kwan Angela TH,Ramachandra Ranuk,Le Gia Han,Mansur Rodrigo B.,Rosenblat Joshua D.,Ho Roger,Rhee Taeho Greg,McIntyre Roger S.ORCID

Abstract

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic-inflammatory disease associated with poor outcomes and decreased quality of life. NAFLD is overrepresented in patients with psychiatric disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia; however, a comprehensive review on NAFLD and psychiatric disorders remains to be delineated. This review endeavors to investigate the association of NAFLD with psychiatric disorders, including shared pathogenesis and future clinical derivatives. Extant literature suggests that patients with psychiatric disorders (in particular, mood disorders) are more susceptible to the development of NAFLD due to multiple reasons, including but not limited to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation, metabolic syndrome, and chronic perceived stress. Moreover, the clinical manifestations of mood disorders (e.g., anhedonia, psychomotor retardation, lifestyle modification, etc.), and potentially long-term treatment with weight-gaining agents, differentially affect these patients, making them more prone to NAFLD. Considering the increased morbidity associated with both mood disorders and NAFLD, our review recommends regular screenings for NAFLD in select patients with mood disorders exhibiting signs of increased risk (i.e., obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, or family history of NAFLD) for better diagnosis and holistic care of both potentially interrelated conditions.

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Neurology (clinical)

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