Short-term effects of goat milk yogurt containing ACE-I peptides and two raisin varieties on subjective appetite, blood pressure, and glycemic responses in healthy adults. Results from a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Abstract Goat milk yogurt (GMY) and raisins are popular foods with a favorable nutrient profile. Our aim was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and postprandial responses to GMY containing ACE-I peptides carrying the RPKHPINHQ isracidin fragment and two Greek raisin varieties in an acute feeding setting. A total of 12 healthy participants (four male and eight female) consumed breakfast study foods containing 25g available carbohydrate on seven occasions over a 3- to 9-week period: food 1: D-glucose (25g) served as the control and was consumed on three separate occasions; food 2: GMY (617.28g); food 3: Corinthian raisins (37.76g); food 4: Sultana raisins (37.48g); and food 5: GMY & C (308.64g GMY & 18.88g C). Postprandial glucose was measured over a 2h period for the determination of GI and glycemic load (GL). Subjective appetite ratings (hunger, fullness, and desire to eat) were assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS, 100mm) at 0-120min. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic; BP) was measured at baseline and 120min. GMY provided low GI (26), C and S provided high GI/low GL (75/10 and 70/9, respectively), and GMYC provided low GI (47) values on glucose scale compared to D-glucose. Peak blood glucose rise was significantly lower only for GMY and GMYC compared to reference food (D-Glucose), as well as C, and S (P for all < 0.05). No differences were observed between test foods for fasting glucose, BP, and subjective appetite. In conclusion, GMY and GMYC attenuated postprandial glycemic responses, which may offer advantages to glycemic control.