1. See Arenal del , supra note 1, at 27–28, 34, 52–53, 64–66; Anna Badia Martí, supra note 166, at 319–320, 324, 336, 342; Francisco Galindo Vélez, Consideraciones sobre la determinatión de la condition de refugiado (Considerations on the determination of refugee status), in Derecho Internacional de los Refugiados (International Refugee Law) 60–61(Sandra Namihas ed., 2001); Lavenex, supra note 1, at 388; Gatto, supra note 19.
2. See Concurring Opinion of Judge Cançado Trindade, supra note 22, at paras. 15, 19, 25; Nijman, supra note 23, at 136; Janne Elisabeth Nijman, The Concept of International Legal Personality; An Inquiry Into the History and Theory of International Law 473 (2004).
3. See Kingsbury Krisch & Stewart, supra note 2, at 5, 8–10, 12–13; Kingsbury, supra note 23, at 52–55, 57; del Arenal,supra note 1, at 25, 53.
4. It is recognized that non-state actors may prove to be invaluable contributors to the promotion of human rights or may be violators of their content. See Arat Zehra Kabasakal , Looking beyond the State But Not Ignoring It, in Non-State Actors in the Human Rights Universe 4-18 (George Andreopoulos et. al. eds., 2006)