1. See Sabel Charles F. & Gerstenberg Oliver , Constitutionalising an Overlapping Consensus: The ECJ and the Emergence of a Coordinate Constitutional Order, 16 EUR. L.J. 511, 512 (2010).
2. See Grabenwarter Christoph , National Constitutional Law Relating to the European Union, in Principles Of European Constitutional law 83, 85–91, 116–23 (Armin von Bogdandy & Jürgen Bast eds., 2010).
3. Sayn-Wittgenstein, supra note 69, at para. 87.
4. See Omega , supra note 64, at para. 31.
5. See Runevič-Vardyn v. Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės administracija, CJEU Case C-391/09, 2011 E.C.R. I-3787, para. 86. As the CJEU had previously done in Groener, supra note 61, at para. 18, when it considered that the maintenance and promotion of the Irish language could be qualified as an “expression of national identity and culture,” as contended by the Irish Government.