1. McWilliams, J. C. 1984 The emergence of isolated coherent vortices in turbulent flow.J. Fluid Mech. 146,21–43.
2. Boer, G. J. & Shepherd, T. G. 1983 Large-scale two-dimensional turbulence in the atmosphere.J. Atmos. Sci. 40,164–184.
3. Bowman, J. C. 1992 Realizable Markovian statistical closures: general theory and application to drift-wave turbulence . PhD thesis,Princeton University, Princeton, NJ.
4. Borue, V. 1993 Spectral exponents of enstrophy cascade in stationary two-dimensional homogeneous turbulence.Phys. Rev. Lett. 71,3967–3970.
5. Kraichnan, R. H. 1964 Decay of isotropic turbulence in the direct-interaction approximation.Phys. Fluids 7,1030–1047.