Author:
BLOOMFIELD LYNN J.,KERR ROSS C.
Abstract
The turbulent fountain that results from the injection of a dense
fluid upwards into
a large tank of stably stratified fluid of lower density is studied experimentally
and
theoretically. For both axisymmetric and line fountains, we have used a
combination
of dimensional arguments and laboratory experiments to determine the initial
height
above the source at which the flow first comes to rest. Depending on the
strength
of the stratification and the fluxes of momentum and buoyancy at the source,
the
subsequent down flow may either spread along the base of the tank or intrude
at an
intermediate height in the environment. We determine both the height of
intermediate
intrusion and the critical condition for spreading along the base. We also
relate
numerical solutions of the entrainment equations to our experimental observations,
and obtain effective entrainment coefficients for both axisymmetric and
line fountains.
Finally, we discuss the quantitative application of our results to the
replenishment of
magma chambers and to the heating or cooling of a room.
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Subject
Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,Condensed Matter Physics
Cited by
88 articles.
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