Dynamical evolution of two-dimensional unstable shear flows

Abstract

A direct numerical integration of the time-dependent, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is used to treat the nonlinear evolution of perturbed, linearly unstable, nearly parallel shear flow profiles in two dimensions. Calculations have been made for infinite (inviscid) and finite Reynolds numbers. The latter results are compared with laboratory measurements of Sato & Kuriki for wakes behind thin flat plates, and many of the detailed features are in excellent agreement, including mean flow profiles with ‘overshoot’ development, first harmonic energy profiles with off-axis nulls, and first harmonic phase profiles. The linear instability saturates by forming a vortex street consisting of elliptical vortex pairs. The solutions are followed for times up to eleven linear exponentiation times of the unstable disturbance. A new low-frequency non-linear oscillation is found, which explains the features of the above experiment, including the nearly periodic phase inversions in the first harmonic component of the longitudinal velocity. It results from a nutation of the elliptical vortices with respect to the mean flow direction. Inertial range spectral energy properties are also examined. Inviscid solutions have large wave-number spectral energies obeying the approximate power law, Ek ∼ k−μ, where μ lies between 3 and 4.