Fungal pathogens of birch in Britain

Abstract

SynopsisFungi reported as parasites of Betula in Britain are reviewed. Pathogens colonizing the major host organs: roots, stems, branches twigs and bark, foliage, flowers fruit and seed, together with those attacking seedlings, are assessed in turn. Other species of fungi not yet known from Britain, but having potential importance as disease agents are also discussed. The major stem decay pathogens and the occurrence of leaf rust in Britain and its significance as a major nursery disease are examined in detail. The status of the fungal parasites on birches in woodland and plantations, in ornamental plantings and in the nursery is considered.