1. James Baldwin , “The Black Boy Looks at the White Boy,” Collected Essays, ed. Toni Morrison (New York: Library of America, 1998), 278
2. Daniel Belgrad , “The Transnational Counterculture: Beat–Mexican Intersections,” Reconstructing the Beats, ed. Jennie Skerl (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004)
3. Allen Hibbard , “William Burroughs and US Empire,” The Transnational Beat Generation, ed. Nancy M. Grace and Jennie Skerl (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), 15
4. Bruce Robbins , “Introduction Part I: Actually Existing Cosmopolitanisms,” Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling Beyond the Nation , ed. Pheng Cheah and Robbins (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998), 1
5. Ted Joans , “Bird and the Beats,” Coda 181 (1981), np.