The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
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Published:2020-08
Issue:4
Volume:62
Page:725-757
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ISSN:0033-8222
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Container-title:Radiocarbon
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Radiocarbon
Author:
Reimer Paula JORCID, Austin William E N, Bard Edouard, Bayliss AlexORCID, Blackwell Paul G, Bronk Ramsey ChristopherORCID, Butzin MartinORCID, Cheng Hai, Edwards R Lawrence, Friedrich Michael, Grootes Pieter M, Guilderson Thomas P, Hajdas IrkaORCID, Heaton Timothy JORCID, Hogg Alan GORCID, Hughen Konrad AORCID, Kromer Bernd, Manning Sturt WORCID, Muscheler RaimundORCID, Palmer Jonathan GORCID, Pearson CharlotteORCID, van der Plicht Johannes, Reimer Ron W, Richards David A, Scott E MarianORCID, Southon John R, Turney Christian S MORCID, Wacker LukasORCID, Adolphi FlorianORCID, Büntgen Ulf, Capano ManuelaORCID, Fahrni Simon M, Fogtmann-Schulz Alexandra, Friedrich Ronny, Köhler PeterORCID, Kudsk Sabrina, Miyake Fusa, Olsen Jesper, Reinig Frederick, Sakamoto Minoru, Sookdeo Adam, Talamo Sahra
Abstract
ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric14C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth system improves. In this volume the international14C calibration curves for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, as well as for the ocean surface layer, have been updated to include a wealth of new data and extended to 55,000 cal BP. Based on tree rings, IntCal20 now extends as a fully atmospheric record to ca. 13,900 cal BP. For the older part of the timescale, IntCal20 comprises statistically integrated evidence from floating tree-ring chronologies, lacustrine and marine sediments, speleothems, and corals. We utilized improved evaluation of the timescales and location variable14C offsets from the atmosphere (reservoir age, dead carbon fraction) for each dataset. New statistical methods have refined the structure of the calibration curves while maintaining a robust treatment of uncertainties in the14C ages, the calendar ages and other corrections. The inclusion of modeled marine reservoir ages derived from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model has allowed us to apply more appropriate reservoir corrections to the marine14C data rather than the previous use of constant regional offsets from the atmosphere. Here we provide an overview of the new and revised datasets and the associated methods used for the construction of the IntCal20 curve and explore potential regional offsets for tree-ring data. We discuss the main differences with respect to the previous calibration curve, IntCal13, and some of the implications for archaeology and geosciences ranging from the recent past to the time of the extinction of the Neanderthals.
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences,Archeology
Cited by
3524 articles.
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