Freezing-rate effects on the physical characteristics of basal ice formed by net adfreezing

Abstract

AbstractA number of theoretical and empirical studies have indicated that many individual characteristics of ice formed by processes of net basal adfreezing may be sensitive to the rate of propagation of the freezing front through the reservoir concerned. The effects of freezing rate on the the stable-isotope chemistry and crystallography of ice, in addition to the disposition and character of included debris and gas are reported. Unidirectional freezing through a cylindrical reservoir containing various water–sediment mixtures has been conducted in the laboratory and the resulting cores analysed for debris and gas disposition and ice-crystal size and fabric. The data lend support to inferences drawn from studies concerned with specific ice properties and an idealized suite of characteristics is developed which may be diagnostic of basal ice formed by net adfreezing.