Design analysis and fabrication of novel coplanar waveguide -fed hybrid fractal-based Broadband antenna

Abstract

In this paper, a new compact hybrid fractal antenna with ultrawideband (UWB) behavior is proposed. Two merged fractals shapes, i.e. Sierpinski carpet and Sierpinski Gasket fed with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed make patch as multiband and broadband antenna. The antenna is optimized using particle swarm optimization for side length of Sierpenski Gasket fractal and bandwidth. The overall width of the patch is taken as a parameter for optimizing bandwidth. The total size of presented antenna is 59 × 29 mm2. The antenna resonates at 2–5.2 GHz, so that wideband operation is observed. Antenna with this type of characteristics can be used when UWB response at lower frequencies is required. Sierpenski Gasket performs two functions in the proposed design, i.e. to radiate as well as impedance transformer to Sierpenski carpet. The proposed design presents novelty in design to achieve proper impedance matching to edge of Sierpenski carpet design with CPW feed by making Sierpenski Gasket as impedance transformer.