Effects of antibiotic resistance (AR) and microbiota shifts onCampylobacter jejuni-mediated diseases

Abstract

AbstractCampylobacter jejuniis an important zoonotic pathogen recently designated a serious antimicrobial resistant (AR) threat. While most patients withC. jejuniexperience hemorrhagic colitis, serious autoimmune conditions can follow including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the acute neuropathy Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS). This review examines inter-relationships among factors mediatingC. jejunidiarrheal versus autoimmune disease especially ARC. jejuniand microbiome shifts. Because both susceptible and ARC. jejuniare acquired from animals or their products, we consider their role in harboring strains. Inter-relationships among factors mediatingC. jejunicolonization, diarrheal and autoimmune disease includeC. jejunivirulence factors and AR, the enteric microbiome, and host responses. Because ARC. jejunihave been suggested to affect the severity of disease, length of infections and propensity to develop GBS, it is important to understand how these interactions occur when strains are under selection by antimicrobials. More work is needed to elucidate host–pathogen interactions of ARC. jejunicompared with susceptible strains and how ARC. jejuniare maintained and evolve in animal reservoirs and the extent of transmission to humans. These knowledge gaps impair the development of effective strategies to prevent the emergence of ARC. jejuniin reservoir species and human populations.