1. Special topics – Teachers of adult music learners: An assessment of characteristics and instructional practices, preparation, and needs;BOWLES;Update: Applications of Research in Music Education,2010
2. SMELTZER R. C. (n.d.) The Adult Piano Student as an Adult Learner: Exploring Motivation and Retention. Retrieved from http://web.utk.edu/~rsmeltze/Additional%20Coursework/EP525/SmeltzerAdultPianoWiki.pdf