The persistence of regular reflection during strong shock diffraction over rigid ramps

Abstract

We report on calculations and experiments with strong shocks diffracting over rigid ramps in argon. The numerical results were obtained by integrating the conservation equations that included the Navier–Stokes equations. The results predict that if the ramp angle θ is less than the angle θe that corresponds to the detachment of a shock, θ < θe, then the onset of Mach reflection (MR) will be delayed by the initial appearance of a precursor regular reflection (PRR). The PRR is subsequently swept away by an overtaking corner signal (cs) that forces the eruption of the MR which then rapidly evolves into a self-similar state. An objective was to make an experimental test of the predictions. These were confirmed by twice photographing the diffracting shock as it travelled along the ramp. We could get a PRR with the first exposure and an MR with the second. According to the von Neumann perfect gas theory, a PRR does not exist when θ < θe. A viscous length scale xint is a measure of the position on the ramp where the dynamic transition PRR → MR takes place. It is significantly larger in the experiments than in the calculations. This is attributed to the fact that fluctuations from turbulence and surface roughness were not modelled in the calculations. It was found that xint → ∞ as θ → θe. Experiments were done to find out how xint depended on the initial shock tube pressure p0. The dependence was strong but could be greatly reduced by forming a Reynolds number based on xint. Finally by definition, regular reflection (RR) never interacts with a boundary layer, while PRR always interacts; so they are different phenomena.