The Simuliidae (Diptera) of Pakistan

Abstract

A survey of Simuliidae in three areas of Pakistan in May and June 1963 yielded 845 pupae, some larvae and 143 captured adults, bringing the number of species for the area from seven to 31. Three species are described as new, and notes are given on other new but unnamed species. A key is given, based mainly on pupae. The previously unknown male, pupa and larva of Simulium indicum Becher are described, together with a new subgenus, Himalayum, for this species. It was breeding on vegetation in a fast river, occurring at 700–1450 m above sea level in spring and autumn, and at higher altitudes in summer. Pupae of S. mediterraneum were found in polluted water. Three species were phoretic, and several were found on or near man or domestic animals.