The association between reasons for first using cannabis, later pattern of use, and risk of first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI case–control study
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Published:2023-05-02
Issue:15
Volume:53
Page:7418-7427
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ISSN:0033-2917
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Container-title:Psychological Medicine
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Psychol. Med.
Author:
Spinazzola EdoardoORCID, Quattrone DiegoORCID, Rodriguez Victoria, Trotta GiuliaORCID, Alameda LuisORCID, Tripoli GiadaORCID, Gayer-Anderson CharlotteORCID, Freeman Tom P, Johnson Emma C, Jongsma Hannah E, Stilo Simona, La Cascia Caterina, Ferraro Laura, La Barbera Daniele, Lasalvia Antonio, Tosato Sarah, Tarricone Ilaria, D'Andrea Giuseppe, Galatolo Michela, Tortelli Andrea, Tagliabue Ilaria, Turco Marco, Pompili Maurizio, Selten Jean-Paul, de Haan Lieuwe, Rossi Menezes Paulo, Del Ben Cristina M, Santos Jose Luis, Arrojo Manuel, Bobes Julio, Sanjuán Julio, Bernardo Miguel, Arango Celso, Kirkbride James B, Jones Peter B, O'Donovan Michael, Rutten Bart P, Van Os Jim, Morgan Craig, Sham Pak C, Austin-Zimmerman Isabelle, Li Zhikun, Vassos Evangelos, Murray Robin M, Di Forti MartaORCID,
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundWhile cannabis use is a well-established risk factor for psychosis, little is known about any association between reasons for first using cannabis (RFUC) and later patterns of use and risk of psychosis.MethodsWe used data from 11 sites of the multicentre European Gene-Environment Interaction (EU-GEI) case–control study. 558 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPp) and 567 population controls who had used cannabis and reported their RFUC.We ran logistic regressions to examine whether RFUC were associated with first-episode psychosis (FEP) case–control status. Path analysis then examined the relationship between RFUC, subsequent patterns of cannabis use, and case–control status.ResultsControls (86.1%) and FEPp (75.63%) were most likely to report ‘because of friends’ as their most common RFUC. However, 20.1% of FEPp compared to 5.8% of controls reported: ‘to feel better’ as their RFUC (χ2 = 50.97; p < 0.001). RFUC ‘to feel better’ was associated with being a FEPp (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.03–2.95) while RFUC ‘with friends’ was associated with being a control (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.37–0.83). The path model indicated an association between RFUC ‘to feel better’ with heavy cannabis use and with FEPp-control status.ConclusionsBoth FEPp and controls usually started using cannabis with their friends, but more patients than controls had begun to use ‘to feel better’. People who reported their reason for first using cannabis to ‘feel better’ were more likely to progress to heavy use and develop a psychotic disorder than those reporting ‘because of friends’.
Funder
Medical Research Council National Institute on Drug Abuse Wellcome Trust
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health,Applied Psychology
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