A model for autumn outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease associated with cooling towers, linked to system operation and size

Author:

Bentham R. H.,Broadbent C. R.

Abstract

SummaryCooling towers have been demonstrated to be amplifiers and disseminators of legionella, the causative organism of Legionnaires' disease. Community outbreaks associated with cooling towers have been reported with several common factors. Small towers (< 300 kW) have predominantly been implicated in outbreaks. Cooling tower-associated outbreaks are most frequent in autumn, and frequently implicated systems have been operated after a period of shutdown.This paper reports field study data relating system operation to legionella colonization of systems. Operating systems have been shown to be more frequently colonized by legionella than shutdown systems. In some cases operation of systems after periods of shutdown raised legionella concentrations from below detection limits to between 50 and 950 c.f.u./ml within 10 min.These data and previously reported data relating to biofilm and sediment colonization of the systems, and community outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease, have been used to develop a model explaining the seasonal nature of outbreaks associated with irregularly operated, small cooling tower systems.

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Epidemiology

Reference27 articles.

1. 13. Levy M , Westley-Wise V , Frommer M , Report on Legionnaires' disease in South Western Sydney, April 1992. South Western Sydney Area Health Service Public Health Unit. New South Wales Health Department 1992.

2. Nosocomial Legionnaires' Disease

3. 4. Fliermans CB . State of the art lecture. Philosophical ecology: Legionella in historical perspective. In: Thornsberry C , Balows A , Feeley JC , Jakubowski W , eds. Legionella: proceedings of the second international Legionella symposium. Washington:American Society for Microbiology1984: 285–9.

4. Legionnaires' disease and the sick-building syndrome

5. Two Cases of Community-Acquired Legionnaires' Disease: Evidence for Association with a Cooling Tower

Cited by 48 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3