Author:
HUMPHREY J. H.,NATHOO K. J.,HARGROVE J. W.,ILIFF P. J.,MUTASA K. E.,MOULTON L. H.,CHIDAWANYIKA H.,MALABA L. C.,ZIJENAH L. S.,ZVANDASARA P.,NTOZINI R.,ZUNGUZA C. D.,WARD B. J.,
Abstract
SUMMARYStudies of antenatal women form the predominant source of data on HIV-1 prevalence in Africa. Identifying factors associated with prevalent HIV is important in targeting diagnostic services and care. Between November 1997 and January 2000, 14 110 postnatal women from Harare, Zimbabwe were tested by ELISAs reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2; a subset of positive samples was confirmed with assays specific for HIV-1 and HIV-2. Baseline characteristics were elicited and modelled to identify risk factors for prevalent HIV infection. HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalences were 32·0% (95% CI 31·2–32·8) and 1·3% (95% CI 1·1–1·5), respectively; 4% of HIV-1-positive and 99% of HIV-2-positive women were co-infected. HIV-1 prevalence increased from 0% among 14-year-olds to >45% among women aged 29–31 years, then fell to <20% among those aged >40 years. In multivariate analyses, prevalence increased with parity, was lower in married women than in single women, divorcees and widows, and higher in women with the lowest incomes and those professing no religion. Adjusted HIV-1 prevalence increased during 1998 and decreased during 1999. Age modified the effects of parity, home ownership and parental education. Among older women, prevalence was greater for women who were not homeowners. Among younger women, prevalence increased with parity and low parental education. None of these factors distinguished women co-infected with HIV-2 from those infected with HIV-1 alone. Prevalent HIV-1 infection is associated with financial insecurity and weak psychosocial support. The ZVITAMBO study apparently spanned the peak of the HIV-1 epidemic among reproductive women in Harare.
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Epidemiology
Reference26 articles.
1. Time from HIV-1 seroconversion to AIDS and death before widespread use of highly-active anti-retroviral therapy. A collaborative analysis;Casella;Lancet,2005
2. Effects of a Single Large Dose of Vitamin A, Given during the Postpartum Period to HIV‐Positive Women and Their Infants, on Child HIV Infection, HIV‐Free Survival, and Mortality
3. 18. UNAIDS. Evidence for HIV decline in Zimbabwe: a comprehensive review of the epidemiological data, pp. 1–45, 2006.
4. Early age of first sex
5. 15. Ministry of Health and Child Welfare. National survey of HIV and syphilis prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics in Zimbabwe, 2002, pp. 1–38, 2002.
Cited by
13 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献