1. Id. para. 35.
2. 2. See Case C-289/15, Comm'n v. Grundza, 2017 E.C.R. I-622, para. 41 & 46
3. 3. see also Joined Cases C-404/15 & C-659/15, Comm'n v. Aranyosi, Comm'n v. Caldararu, 2016 E.C.R. I-198, para. 77f
4. 4. see also Case C-579/15, Comm'n v. Poplawski, 2017 E.C.R. I-503, para. 29f.
5. See id.