Notes on Cosmology

Abstract

The present short notes on cosmology start with two conclusions based on observational data. The first of them is the well-known conclusion that the Universe from the global point of view is at the present epoch of its evolution in a uniform and isotropic expansion. If we accept the very convincing arguments of Bondi (1962) that the geometry of the cosmic space is Riemannian, its properties are described at the present epoch of the cosmic evolution by the well-known Robertson-Walker metric expressing the cosmological principle (Robertson, 1935, 1936; Walker, 1936). The form of the geodesical lines depends on the assumed theory of gravitation. For instance, in the closed Friedman world model they are cycloids with a singularity at the start of the expansion.