Effect of smoothing on treatment plan efficiency in IMRT: eclipse Helios™ dose optimisation

Abstract

AbstractBackground and purpose: This study examined the effect of varying the X–Y smoothing values on the average Leaf Pair Opening (LPO), MUFactor and total number of monitor units (MU) in a cohort of 20 prostate and head and neck (H&N) patients treated with dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Material and methods: Plans were created using Varian Eclipse™ Treatment Planning System (TPS) version 8.9.09 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). Clinically approved and dosimetrically verified plans were used as a reference plans. These were re-optimised varying the X and Y smoothing parameters from 0 to 100 in various combinations.Results: For the prostate patients, at X = 0 and Y = 0, the average LPO was 2.4 cm (σ = 0.20 cm) and 3.5 cm (σ = 0.35 cm) for X = 100 and Y = 100. For H&N, the LPO averaged over all fields increased from 1.7 cm (σ = 0.17 cm) at X = 0 and Y = 0 to 2.3 cm (σ = 0.27 cm) at X = 100 and Y = 90. The MUFactor decreased from 1.81 (σ = 0.19) at X = 0 and Y = 0 to 1.38 (σ = 0.11) at X = 100 and Y = 100 for prostates and from 1.50 (σ = 0.14) at X = 0 and Y = 0 to 1.24 (σ = 0.09) for X = 100 and Y = 90 for H&N. Total MU for prostates decreased from 1028.0 (σ = 244.6) at X = 0 and Y = 0 to 688.4 (σ = 159.3) at X = 100 and Y = 100 and from 913 (σ = 267.2) at X = 0 and Y = 0 to 696 (σ = 214.03) at X = 100 and Y = 90 for H&N.Conclusions: Increasing smoothing decreases MUFactor, decreases total MU and increases average LPO but does not greatly enhance organs at risk (OAR) sparing. The Homogeneity Index (HI) and Paddick Conformity Index (CIPAD) appear to vary little after increasing smoothing up to approximately X = 80 and Y = 70.