Integrated Weed Control Management in Soybeans (Glycine max) in Greece

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in 1988, 1989, and 1990 in Greece to investigate the combination of cultural and chemical methods for weed control in soybean. The selectivity of herbicides or the combination of herbicides used was dependent on application rate. Imazaquin applied PRE was selective on soybean even at 0.18 kg/ha, whereas imazethapyr was safer on soybean than imazaquin at 0.22 kg/ha. Metribuzin at 0.37 kg/ha tank-mixed with alachlor, metolachlor, imazaquin, and SAN 582H were not phytotoxic at their recommended rates. All herbicides satisfactorily controlled the weeds in the experiments. The early-season period threshold level for a mixed population ofAmaranthusspp. occurred 3.0 to 3.5 wk after weed emergence. Density ofAmaranthusspp. of about 270 to 470 plants/m2caused soybean yield reduction equal to 11 to 35%, respectively. The treatments did not influence the oil content of the soybean seed but in one experiment the protein content was influenced slightly by some of the treatments. The results emphasize the importance of using chemical, cultural, and competition threshold levels of cultural practices for an integrated approach for weed control in soybean.