Soil-Applied Herbicide and Soil-Temperature Effects in Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Abstract

Effects and interactions of two soil temperatures, 19 ± 1 and 27 ± 3 C, and seven soil-applied herbicide treatments on the morphological development and concentrations of eight essential nutrients in leaves, stems, and roots of pinto beans were determined. Soil temperature did not affect overall plant morphology but did affect some nutrient concentrations in the roots, stems, and leaves. Combinations of alachlor plus trifluralin at 2.2 plus 0.28 kg ai/ha and EPTC plus trifluralin at 2.2 plus 0.28 kg ai/ha caused greater negative effects than when the herbicides were applied separately. Oryzalin at 0.56 kg ai/ha and EPTC at 3.4 kg ai/ha induced the least number of morphological effects, while alachlor at 3.4 kg ai/ha, chloramben at 2.2 kg ai/ha, and trifluralin applied at 0.56 kg ai/ha produced an intermediate number. Alachlor, trifluralin, and combinations of alachlor plus trifluralin and EPTC plus trifluralin inhibited nodule growth. Each herbicide affected different nutrients. Alachlor plus trifluralin affected the level of each nutrient in at least one plant tissue. Many herbicide-soil temperature interactions occurred.