Galectin-3 is essential for reactive oxygen species production by peritoneal neutrophils from mice infected with a virulent strain ofToxoplasma gondii

Abstract

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiistimulates a potent pro-inflammatory response and neutrophils are involved in early infection. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an endogenous modulator of inflammatory processes and anti-infective agents, but its interaction with neutrophils inT. gondiiinfection is still unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of Gal-3 in peritoneal inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils and survival, afterin vivo T. gondiiinfection with virulent RH strain, using Gal-3 deficient and wild type mice. Animals were inoculated with thioglycollate or tachyzoites, and peritoneal cells were harvested for analysis of the influx of leukocytes. Neutrophils were isolated from peritoneal exudates from infected mice and stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to evaluate ROS production by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Our results showed that: (1) Gal-3 upregulates peritoneal inflammation, with enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and lymphocytes after thioglycollate stimulation, but does not influence the enhanced neutrophil influx after earlyT. gondiiinfection; (2) Gal-3 upregulates ROS generation by inflammatory peritoneal neutrophils from infected mice, but downregulates its production in non-infected mice and (3) Gal-3 does not influence the survival of mice after infection with the virulentT. gondiistrain. In conclusion, Gal-3 is essential for ROS generation by neutrophils in the initial acute phase ofT. gondiiinfection and this phenomenon may constitute an attempt to control parasite growth duringin vivoinfection with theT. gondiivirulent strain.