Neutralization of individual variable antigen types in metacyclic populations of Trypanosoma brucei does not prevent their subsequent expression in mice

Abstract

The Trypanosoma brucei metacyclic population in the salivary glands of the tsetse fly displays a characteristic set of variable antigen types (VATs) which represents only a restricted part of the parasite's total VAT repertoire. After introduction into the mammalian host by fly bite, the metacyclics transform into bloodstream forms which retain expression of the metacyclic VATs. Specific antibodies, both polyvalent and monoclonal, have been used to neutralize separately 4 individual VATs from metacyclic populations. Control experiments and visual observation confirmed lysis of each VAT. On injection of the surviving trypanosomes, after washing, into mice each neutralized VAT was nevertheless expressed within a few days. Simultaneous neutralization of 2 metacyclic VATs which usually switch to one another in bloodstream infections did not prevent expression of either on subsequent injection into mice. Expression of neutralized VATs was not influenced by the antigenic composition of the population originally ingested by the tsetse fly. Metacyclic forms and their immediate successors thus appear to switch rapidly to expression of other metacyclic VATs in bloodstream populations.