1. The Origins of Modern English Society
2. Calculated as in footnote 16.
3. Wages and salaries were 45.6 percent of national income in 1821 and 44.9 percent in 1801, based on Deane and Cole, British Economic Growth, pp. 152, 166; and the investment figures come from Crafts, “British Economic Growth,” p. 195.
4. Brown Phelps and Hopkins, Perspective, p. 39.