Aspects of Germination, Emergence, and Seed Production of ThreeIpomoeaTaxa

Abstract

The influence of seed age, planting depth, and temperature on the germination and emergence of ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq. var.hederacea], white morningglory(Ipomoea lacunosaL.), and entireleaf morningglory(Ipomoea hederaceavar.integriusculaGray) was studied by using pure seed of each taxa that were collected in 1972, 1973, and 1974. Germination of acid-scarified white and entireleaf morningglory seed ranged from 64 to 98% at continuous 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 C and at an alternating 20/30 C cycle. The ivyleaf morningglory germination range was 50 to 98% at these temperatures, except at 40 C germination was <25%. Germination of nonscarified seed was generally 30 to 60% lower than scarified seed for the three taxa. Germination of seed collected in 1972 for all three taxa was less than 10% with 6 days of exposure to 45 C and 100% relative humidity, and germination of seed collected in 1973 and 1974 ceased with 12 days of exposure. Maximum emergence for all taxa occurred at planting depths of 1.3 and 2.5 cm. Seed age influenced seedling emergence of white morningglory and ivyleaf morningglory but not entireleaf morningglory. Total numbers of seed produced per plant for white, entireleaf, and ivyleaf morningglory were 15,200, 14,600, and 5,800, respectively.