Competition between wheat and canarygrass biotypes and their response to herbicides

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in Thessaloniki, Greece, from 1991 to 1994 to study the competition of littleseed canarygrass and short-spiked canarygrass biotypes in wheat and to evaluate their response to diclofop, fenoxaprop, tralkoxydim, and CGA-184927. Competitive ability of all canarygrass biotypes was similar, though species differed in panicle numbers. All littleseed canarygrass biotypes showed faster growth rate than the short-spiked canarygrass biotypes. Wheat grain yield decreased as canarygrass density increased. For example, 152 and 304 canarygrass plants m–2reduced wheat yield 32 and 42%, respectively. None of the canarygrass biotypes at any density had any effect on grain yield of wheat when cold and dry weather prevailed during the early stages of growth. CGA-184927 and tralkoxydim were more effective herbicides against all short-spiked canarygrass biotypes than fenoxaprop and diclofop. CGA-184927 and fenoxaprop provided > 98% control of all littleseed canarygrass biotypes; control with tralkoxydim was < 80%; and diclofop gave 82 to 96% control of this weed species. Herbicide control of canarygrass increased wheat yield relative to the weedy control, and only diclofop was phytotoxic to wheat.