Optimizing transitions of care antimicrobial prescribing at a community teaching hospital

Abstract

Abstract Objective: Antibiotic prescribing at hospital discharge is an important focus for antimicrobial stewardship efforts. This study set out to determine the impact of a pharmacist-led intervention at hospital discharge on appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Design: This was a pre-/post-study evaluating the impact of a pharmacist-led review on antibiotic prescribing at hospital discharge. Pharmacists evaluated antibiotic prescriptions at discharge for appropriate duration, spectrum of activity, frequency, and strength of dose. Each of these criteria needed to be met for an antibiotic regimen to be considered appropriate. Setting: Moses Cone Hospital is a 535-bed community teaching hospital in Greensboro, North Carolina. Patients or Participants: Patients ≥18 years of age discharged from the hospital with an antibiotic prescription were included. Exclusion criteria included patients discharged against medical advice, discharged to a skilled nursing facility, or prescribed indefinite prophylactic antimicrobial therapy. Interventions: A review of patients discharged with antibiotics in 2020 was performed. Patients discharged with antibiotic prescriptions from January 2021 to April 2022 were evaluated prior to discharge by pharmacists. The pharmacist made recommendations to providers based on their evaluations. Results: 162 retrospective patients were screened, and 136 patients were screened at discharge from the hospital in the prospective cohort. 76/162 (47%) retrospective patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy at discharge, while 92/136 (68%) of prospective patients received appropriate discharge therapy (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In this study examining the efficacy of stewardship pharmacist intervention at hospital discharge, pharmacist review and recommendations were associated with an increased rate of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Ethics statement: This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Review Board of the Moses H. Cone Health System. The approval protocol number was 1483117-1 and took effect on September 2nd, 2019. As the research was either retrospective in nature or part of the standard of care recommendations, the project was granted expedited review.