1. Traugott Michael. W. 1996 Report on the Characteristics of the Oregon Electorate Participating in the Special General Election for the U.S. Senate on January 30, 1996.Ann Arbor, MI:Institute for Social Research.
2. Survey of Vote-by-Mail Senate Election in the State of Oregon
3. Secretary of State, State of Oregon.2000“Vote by Mail.”Salem, OR, March.
4. Turnout and the Democratic Vote
5. Does Heavy Turnout Help Democrats in Presidential Elections?