Abstract
Ever since independence Lingala has been gradually spreading throughout Zaïre to the extent that nowadays in Bukavu, a traditionally Swahili-speaking city near Rwanda and Burundi, about 70 per cent of the population has some knowledge of the language. This holds true for all layers of society: youngsters, students, teachers, civil servants, businessmen, petty traders, soldiers, and prostitutes. The advent of Lingala raises an important question: how do we explain the presence of this new language in a city where already three lingua francas exist, namely French, Swahili, and Indoubil.1
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Subject
Sociology and Political Science,Geography, Planning and Development
Reference19 articles.
1. Shaping the 3 ± 1 language state
2. ‘Kibalele: form and function of a secret language in an ethnic cauldron’, in Journal of Pragmatics (Amsterdam), 12 1995, forthcoming.
3. Young , The Politics of Cultural Pluralism, pp. 166–87.
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