Spray Carrier Salts Affect Herbicide Toxicity to Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

Abstract

Calcium chloride in the spray carrier antagonized the toxicity of diethanolamine 2,4-D and sodium 2,4-D, dimethylamine MCPA, sodium bentazon, dimethylamine dicamba and sodium dicamba, sodium acifluorfen, imazamethabenz, ammonium imazethapyr, and isopropylamine glyphosate to kochia in greenhouse experiments. Diammonium sulfate overcame calcium chloride antagonism of the above herbicides, except for glyphosate and imazethapyr. Diammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate adjuvants overcame calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate antagonism of dicamba toxicity to kochia and enhanced toxicity of sodium dicamba to nearly equal that of dimethylamine dicamba.