Autonomic dysfunction in older people

Abstract

SummaryThe autonomic nervous system comprises the sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems and plays an integral role in homeostasis. This includes cardiovascular and temperature control, glucose metabolism, gastrointestinal and reproductive function and increasing evidence to support its involvement in the inflammatory response to infection and cancer. Ageing is associated with autonomic dysfunction, and many clinical syndromes associated with older adults are due to inadequate autonomic responses to physiological stressors. The aim of this review is to explore the relationship between autonomic dysfunction and ageing illustrated with examples of maladaptive autonomic responses in a variety of different clinical syndromes including an exploration of autonomic cellular changes. Appropriate investigation and management strategies are outlined, recognizing the fine balance needed to improve symptoms without creating further medical complications.