1. U.S. Immigration Commission, Immigrants in Mining, vol. 2, p. 202.
2. Morris, Plight of Bituminous Miner, pp. 169–72; U.S. Coal Commission, “Bituminous Workers, and Homes,” pp. 1454–58.
3. U.S. Coal Commission, “Bituminous Workers and Homes,” pp. 1454, 1456, 1534.
4. Since scrip prices were the same as cash prices, the miner had little incentive to buy goods with cash if he could draw scrip. Between 85 and 97 percent of the Stonega stores' business was paid for with coupons or on a charge account. The Stonega data overestimate deductions for store purchases by 3 to 15 percent in Tables 2 and 3, because the data were calculated as total store sales as a percentage of the payroll. Comparative Statements of Store Department, Box 253, Stonega Records.
5. The items in the budget considered as purchasable at the company store were food, clothing and dry goods, house furnishings, drugs and toiletries, hardware and mine supplies, and other miscellaneous items. U.S. Coal Commission, “Bituminous Workers and Homes,” p. 1456. Examination of the payrolls summarized in Tables 2 through 4 suggests similar breakdowns of expenditures in the early 1900s.