1. Planter and Cotton Factor in the Old South, Some Areas of Friction;Haskins;Agricultural History,1955
2. Feiner Susan , “The Financial Structures and Banking Institutions of the Antebellum South, 1811–1832” (Ph.D. diss., University of Massachusetts, 1981), pp. 129–32.
3. Although I have listed primarily economic conditions of existence, there were also many political and cultural conditions of existence of the slave fundamental class process. Some of the political conditions of existence included the rights to private property in human beings as well as a state that could enforce and protect these rights. Some of the cultural conditions included practices associated with displaying the accouterments of civilized life, such as filled wine cellers and charming spouses to ornament the balls, soirées, picnics, and foxhunts of the Southern gentleman's life style.
4. The owners of human chattel property need not be the same persons as those who extract from human chattel property. When and if membership in the subsumed class of owners is conjoint with membership in the fundamental class, then the direct extractors make chattel available to themselves from their position as subsumed owners. In this case they pay themselves an implicit rent for securing their own conditions of existence. When these positions are not conjoint, then masters pay explicit rents to subsumed chattel owners. The payment of these rents represents a transfer of a portion of the slave surplus to subsumed chattel owners. In the American antebellum South the practice of slave-hiring exemplifies the flow of surplus to subsumed owners of chattel in exchange for securing conditions of existence.