Fall Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Geriatric Population

Abstract

Aim: To determine the prevalence of fall among geriatric population and to find out risk factors associated with fall. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 223, raised through non-probability convenient sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were older adults both genders, aged 60 years and above. The exclusion criteria were older persons with severe and uncontrolled co morbidities that include diabetes, hypertension, memory impairment, stroke, psychiatric disorders, and use of any walking aid. Data was collected through semi structured questionnaire. Fall risk assessment scale was used to categorize fall risk status in older persons. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were applied. Results: The overall mean age of participants was 67.61±5.64 years. Out of 223 participants, females were 134(60.1%) and 89(39.9%) were males. The prevalence of falls reported in elderly was 42.6%. Most prevalent fall were reported under category of 1-2 falls, out of which females had 43(32.1 %) and males had 29 (32.6%) falls. Among study participants 87 (39.0%) were in high-risk group while 136(61.0%) participants were in low-risk group. Furthermore, weak eyesight, use of medications, vertigo/imbalance, and chronic medical conditions (p<0.05) were considered as most significant risk factors with fall. Conclusion: The study showed significant number of older adults who had fall. Female were at high risk of fall. Weak eyesight, use of medications, vertigo/imbalance, and chronic medical conditions were found to be most prevalent risk factors associated with fall. Keywords: Fall, geriatrics, aging, fall risk, prevalence, old age