Correlation of Coronary Artery Disease with Risk Factors on Computed Tomography Angiography

Abstract

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) was the contraction of coronary arteries that was frequently began through the atherosclerosis which primes to restraint of blood flowing to cardiac muscles. Atherosclerosis was an accumulation of plaque or fats deposition upon the internal walls of arteries. Aim: To correlate coronary artery disease with risk factors on Computed Tomography Angiography. Duration and place of study: This study was conduct from 17-July-2019 to 13-Oct-2020 at Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore. Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Data were collected according to the age, gender and risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia; high cholesterol level, contrast with volume, vessels involved and extent of vessels involvement.132 participants including 103 males (78%) and 29 females (22%) were selected through convenient sampling technique. Results: Data examination exhibited that out of 132 patients, 101 patients (76.5%) had CAD and 31 patients (23.5%) had no CAD. Out of 29 females, 21 female patients (20.8%) had CAD whereas out of 103 males, 80 male patients (79.2%) had coronary artery disease. According to our study, as correlated the coronary artery disease with various risk factors on computed tomography angiography. The patient had one or more than one risk factors; out of 132 patients, 72 patients (54.5%) had diabetes mellitus, 102 patients (77.3%) had hypertension, 55 patients (41.7%) had hyperlipidemia, 56 patients (42.4%) familial hypercholesterolemia, and 30(22.7%) were smokers. Conclusions: We concluded from our study that patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) were more prone to develope coronary artery disease CAD. Males were more at risk (79.2%) than females (20.8%) for CAD. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were stronger predictors of CAD than smoking, hyperlipidemia and familial hypercholesterolemia. Keywords: Coronary Artery disease, Computed Tomography Angiogrpahy, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension