A Study of Lipid Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract

Background and Aim: Chronic kidney disease patients are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis accelerated rate and variety of other factors, of which they exhibit the abnormality of lipid profile atherogonic characteristics. The current study aim was to investigate the lipid profile abnormalities pattern in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients and to evaluate the association between the lipid profile alteration extent and renal impairment degree. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 118 chronic disease patients in the Department of Nephrology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore during the period, from August 2020 to May 2021. All the patients were carefully chosen based on their eligibility criteria. A history was taken, clinical investigation was performed, and biochemical tests were conducted. Blood was drawn for lipid profile analysis after 9 hours abstaining. The Institutional Ethical Committee approved the study and informed consent was taken from each individual. Chronic Kidney Disease as defined by the KDOQI Criteria Kidney damage for three months, defined as functional kidney abnormalities with or without decreased GFR, manifested by either: Pathological abnormalities; kidney damage markers such as changes in blood or urine composition, or abnormalities in imaging tests. GFR of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 for 3 months, with or without kidney damage. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: The study included 118 patients, 79 (66.9%) of whom were males and 39 (33.1%) were females. The mean age of patients was 49.46 + 9.35 years with an age range of 28 to 78 years. Stage 5CKD patients were 23 who underwent dialysis. Chronic kidney disease patients had lower HDL and higher levels of triglyceride whereas, with chronic kidney disease stage progression, the HDL and TGL levels increased. In both stages 4 and 5 CKD, there is a positive correlation between triglyceride levels and serum phosphorous and TGL and calcium had inverse correlation. Dialysis patients' lipid profiles do not differ from those of non-dialysis patients. Conclusion: Our study found that patients with non-diabetic CKD have high triglyceride levels, low HDL, and had LDL and total cholesterol unchanged levels. As the CKD stage advances and GFR declines, triglyceride increases, and HDL decreases. TGL and serum phosphorous had a positive association in chronic kidney disease stage 4 and 5 whereas TGL and serum calcium had an inverse correlation in stages 4 and 5. Moreover, no significant difference between dialysed and non-dialysed chronic kidney disease patients’ lipid profiles was observed. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Lipid Profile; Lipid Profile Abnormalities