Contrast Induced Nephropathy; Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Patients Undergoing Multi-vessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

Abstract

Objective: To examine the prevalence and associated risk factors of contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing multi-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Study Design: Prospective/Observational Place and Duration: The study was conducted at the cardiology department of DHQ Teaching Hospital, Sargodha and Wazirabad Institute of Cardiology, Wazirabad for duration of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Methods: Total 135 patients of both genders with ages 20 to 80 years undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled in this study. Patients’ detailed demographics were recorded after written consent. Contrast induced nephropathy was defined as serum creatinine >0.5mg/dl from baseline value. Risk factors associated with CIN were examined; Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Results: Out of 130 patients 90 (66.7%) were males while 45 (33.3%) were females with mean age 54.87±12.44 years. We found contrast induced nephropathy in 27 (20%) patients. Anemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, contrast volume >150ml, congestive heart failure and age >70 years were significantly associated risk factors of contrast induced nephropathy with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: It is concluded that the incidence of contrast induced nephropathy in patients undergoing PCI is high. Significant risk factors for CIN were anemia, age >70 years, diabetes mellitus, contrast volume >150ml and heart failure. Keywords: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Contrast Induced Nephropathy, Risk Factors.