Healthiness, processing, and price discounts of foods advertised in supermarket flyers in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Abstract

Introduction: The food environment, encompassing factors such as food availability, advertising, and promotions, can significantly impact dietary choices. The main objective of this study was to characterize the profile of the advertised products in relation to the food groups defined by the Dietary Guidelines for the Argentine Population (GAPA), the degree of processing and their price discounts. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 4355 promotions of foods and beverages in supermarket circulars from seven supermarket chains over an 8-week period in Buenos Aires. Foods were classified into four categories based on the GAPA: 1) core food groups and water, 2) "optional" products (those to be limited), 3) alcoholic beverages, and 4) other foods. Additionally, NOVA classification was used to assess the degree and purpose of processing. The minimum purchase amount required for the discount and the unit price discount were analyzed by food group and degree of processing. Results: Only 37.0% of advertised food products were from the core recommended food groups, while 45.3% and 11.7% were "optional/discretionary" products and alcoholic beverages. In addition, 56% of the food and non-alcoholic beverage promotions included ultra-processed (UP) products. The minimum purchase amount to obtain a discount and relative discounts were higher for "optional" products (p<0.001) and UP (p<0.001) compared to staple food groups and unprocessed or minimally processed foods, respectively. Conclusions: Most advertisements and price promotions found in supermarket circulars were for UP and items that the GAPA recommend limiting, suggesting an environment that is conducive to promoting unhealthy eating behaviors. Funding: International Development Research Center (IDRC; grant Number IDRC 108643-001).