Production of Nonadhesive Eggs by Flathead Chub and Implications for Downstream Transport and Conservation

Abstract

Abstract Plains stream fishes in North America, including flathead chub Platygobio gracilis, are negatively affected by stream-flow alterations and fragmentation, and limited information on egg type and reproductive strategy hinders their conservation. On the basis of several lines of evidence, including laboratory culture, observations of reproduction in captivity, and capture and rearing of eggs from Fountain Creek, Colorado, we report that flathead chub produce nonadhesive eggs. Flathead chub eggs are relatively small at 2.3 mm mean diameter, have a greater yolk-to-egg volume ratio and thus sink faster, and take longer to hatch, compared with nonadhesive eggs from pelagic spawning species. Flathead chub are also longer lived compared with pelagic spawning species and the wider variety of habitat types they occupy may influence upstream egg retention. Although spawning mode (e.g., pelagic, lithopelagic, other) is incompletely known for flathead chub, habitat needs in terms of flows and reach lengths suitable for reproduction and recruitment may vary with habitat type but may be similar to that for other pelagic spawning species. Accommodating specialized reproductive life histories of fishes, including egg type and transport characteristics, in stream conservation planning may assist with maintaining or enhancing populations of all Great Plains cyprinids, including increasingly rare flathead chub.