EXPLANATION OF POSTMODERN APPROACH AND MORAL EDUCATION FROM POINT OF VIEW RICHARD RORTY'S ETHICS WITH EMPHASIS ON PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate postmodernist ethics with an emphasis on Richard Rorty’s moral thought. Anti-fundamentalism, pluralism, anti-authoritarian and emphasis on social solidarity are introduced as the features of postmodernist ethics, followed by the consequences and education implications of this view that can help us in moral education, including adopting a comprehensive and holistic approach in moral education, respecting the various differences of people, taking an anti-authoritarian and authoritarian approach in teaching moral values, and paying attention to and emphasizing the element of alturism. The positive achievement of this approach in moral education is mainly in a new look in moral education, which includes the three basic characteristics of the tendency to pluralism, avoiding absolutism and adopting an anti-authoritarian approach. In addition, the shortcomings and limitations of this view can be mentioned as follows: Absolute surrender of power to avoid falling into the abyss of domineering and excessiveness in it causes the introduction of accepting any type of belief, profession and action on the part of the citizens, under the name of avoiding absolutism, which also makes every opinion, thought and practice acceptable, even if it is inhuman from a human point of view, which can be compatible with the spirit of moral education in a democratic society as a postmodern utopia. In addition, issues such as human solidarity, democracy and local and regional requirements are considered as the foundations of morality; therefore, moral education from a postmodernist point of view, despite their claims, cannot be based on any foundation. The consequences of Rorty’s postmodernism ethics in the field of educational psychology and psychiatry include: facilitation of Teacher-Students Relationship, Attention to the needs and Interests of students, attention to the Power of facilitation and Emotional catharsis of clients, and the Psychiatrists attention to the patient as a moral subject.