Cosmetics for the treatment of cutaneous hyperpigmentation

Abstract

Skin hyperpigmentation is a dermatological condition characterized by darkening of the skin due to increased melanin production. Various factors such as excessive sun exposure, skin inflammation, hormonal imbalance, and genetic predisposition can contribute to the development of these conditions, significantly affecting quality of life. This work aims to explore the efficacy of cosmeceuticals in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, focusing on products available in tropical regions like Brazil. To achieve this, a narrative literature review with a qualitative approach based on scientific articles, dissertations, and journals obtained through the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct platforms using the following search keywords: cosmeceuticals, cosmetics, skin lightening, skin regeneration, published between 2003 and 2023, in Portuguese and English languages, was conducted. The different types of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar lentigines, were discussed, addressing their clinical characteristics and pathophysiologies, presenting the main mechanisms involved in the formation of skin hyperpigmentation. Subsequently, the main active ingredients used in the treatment of hyperpigmentation were highlighted, such as niacinamide, retinol, vitamin C, kojic acid, arbutin, and hydroquinone. The mechanisms of action of each active ingredient and their scientific evidence of efficacy are discussed. Through a literature analysis, recommendations were provided for the appropriate and safe use of cosmetics in the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation, considering factors such as skin type, dermatological conditions, and sun protection measures. The work aims to contribute to advancing knowledge about the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation, providing updated information on the role of cosmeticals in this context.