Detection of antibodies to <i>B. burgdorferi</i> by enzyme immunoassay in patients with Lyme borreliosis

Abstract

The detection of antibodies to borrelia by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) significantly depends on the time from the onset of the disease.Purpose: analysis of the results of antibodies determination to borrelia by ELISA in children and adults with Lyme borreliosis (LB) at various periods from the onset of the disease.Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective, non-randomized, single-center cohort study, based on the analysis of data from 178 outpatient records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of LB and the presence of antibody detection results by ELISA. Immunological confirmation of the diagnosis of LB was carried out by using ELISA and western blot test systems registered in the territory of the Russian Federation for the separate determination of immunoglobulins to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens of classes M and G. Results. When counting from the date of the onset of the disease, IgM and/or IgG were determined in 76% of patients at 4-6 weeks, and starting from the 7th week – in 95%. When counting from the date of tick bite, IgG with or without IgM was determined in 83% of patients starting from 7th week. At the same time, a significantly large proportion of seronegative patients among children was revealed. We have clarified the duration of antibody persistence after antibacterial therapy. In the interval from 1 to 6 months, antibodies are detected in 73% of patients. For a period of 6 months or more, antibodies can be detected in 42% of patients.Conclusion. The optimal time for detecting antibodies from the disease onset is 4-6 weeks. Antibodies after antibiotic therapy can persist for a long time, in a third of patients up to 6 months or more.