Ethnic variation and the relevance of homozygous RNF 213 p.R4810.K variant in the phenotype of Indian Moya moya disease

Abstract

Background and purpose Polymorphisms in Ring Finger Protein 213 (RNF 213) gene have been detected to confer genetic susceptibility to Moya moya disease (MMD) in the East Asian population. We investigated the frequency of RNF 213 gene polymorphism and its association with MMD phenotypes in the Indian population. Materials and methods A case-control study for RNF 213 polymorphism involving 65 MMD patients, 75 parents, and 120 controls were performed. A total of 21 SNPs were screened, of which 17 SNPs were monomorphic. Allelic and genotypic frequency of all polymorphic SNPs were assessed and its association with MMD phenotypes was evaluated. Results The median age of symptom onset was 9 (range 2–17) and 37 years (range 20–58) in paediatric and adult patients respectively. A strong association was observed with RNF 213 rs112735431(p.R4810K) and MMD. Out of 65 patients with MMD, five patients carried the homozygous risk AA genotype. None of the healthy controls carried this homozygous mutation. The mutant allele was detected in MMD patients from Tamil Nadu and North eastern states of India (p = <0.0001). All the patients carrying the mutant allele had an early age of onset (p = <0.0001), higher incidence of bilateral disease (p = <0.002), positive family history (p = 0.03), higher Suzuki angiographic stage (≥3) (p<0.0006) and recurrent neurological events (ischemic strokes and TIAs) (p = <0.009). Conclusion The homozygous rs112735431(p.R4810K) variant in RNF 213 variant not only predicts the risk for MMD but can also predict the phenotypic variants.