Prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual syndrome among women of the reproductive age group in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction Premenstrual syndrome is a clinical condition characterised by the cyclic occurrence of physical and emotional symptoms, which can interfere with normal activity. It significantly affects the health-related quality of life and can result in decreased work productivity. The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome varies widely in different countries and different regions of the same country. Thus, this study was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia. Materials and methods Published studies searched from electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline, google scholars, HINARI, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were used. All studies done among women of the reproductive age group in Ethiopia and reported in the English language were included. The current study was reported using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two authors extracted the data independently by using Microsoft excel extraction format and transported to STATA 14 software for analysis. I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity between the studies. A random-effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual syndrome. The prevalence and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented using a forest plot. Results After careful screening of 33 studies, nine studies were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Ethiopia was found to be 53% (95% CI: 40.64, 65.36). Subgroup analysis by university versus high school showed a pooled prevalence of 53.87% (95% CI: 40.97, 67.60) and 56.19% (95% CI: 6.80, 105.58), respectively. The pooled odds ratio shows that age at menarche, menstrual pattern and hormonal contraceptive use had no statistically significant association with premenstrual syndrome. Conclusion More than half of the women under reproductive age group were experiencing premenstrual syndrome in Ethiopia.