Health system use among patients with mental health conditions in a community based sample in Toronto, Canada: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Objective To identify hospital and primary care health service use among people with mental health conditions or addictions in an integrated primary-secondary care database in Toronto, Ontario. Method This was a retrospective cohort study of adults with mental health diagnoses using data from the Health Databank Collaborative (HDC), a primary care-hospital linked database in Toronto. Data were included up to March 31st 2019. Negative binomial and logistic regression were used to evaluate associations between health care utilization and various patient characteristics and mental health diagnoses. Results 28,482 patients age 18 or older were included. The adjusted odds of at least one mental health diagnosis were higher among younger patients (18–30 years vs. 81+years aOR = 1.87; 95% CI:1.68–2.08) and among female patients (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.27–1.42). Patients with one or more mental health diagnoses had higher adjusted rates of hospital visits compared to those without any mental health diagnosis including addiction (aRR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.58–1.91) and anxiety (aRR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.23–1.32). 14.5% of patients with a psychiatric diagnosis were referred to the hospital for specialized psychiatric services, and 38% of patients referred were eventually seen in consultation. The median wait time from the date of referral to the date of consultation was 133 days. Conclusions In this community, individuals with mental health diagnoses accessed primary and hospital-based health care at greater rates than those without mental health diagnoses. Wait times for specialized psychiatric care were long and most patients who were referred did not have a consultation. Information about services for patients with mental health conditions can be used to plan and monitor more integrated care across sectors, and ultimately improve outcomes.